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“Joe, the Ship Is Going Down Fast”: Joseph Pierre Duquemin

“Joe, the Ship Is Going Down Fast”: Joseph Pierre Duquemin

When 24-year-old Joseph Duquemin left his home that April day, he told his parents he was just off to the candy shop in town.

Instead, he left Guernsey forever.

Joseph Duquemin wanted to go to America.

And he planned to do so on Titanic.

“He didn’t want to make a big deal of his leaving,” Joseph’s son explained decades later.

Joseph was successful in realizing his ambitions, securing his Third-class ticket on Titanic for just over £7.

When Joseph embarked on 10 April 1912, he did so in the company of 28-year-old Howard Williams, his good "chum" from back home. Joseph called him Harry. 

Each of them already had work lined up in the United States.

Harry was Boston-bound, and planned to work at a shipyard. Joseph intended to continue his work as a quarryman once he reached his destination in western New York state.

Coincidentally, Joseph and Harry also knew at least one Second-class passenger on Titanic: a Guernsey fruit farmer and athlete called Bert Denbuoy.

When Titanic struck the iceberg on the night of April 14th, Joseph Duquemin was in his quarters and settled in to sleep.

The impact of the collision threw him out of his bunk.

Alarmed, Joseph immediately proceeded up to the boat deck, where he was instructed to return to bed.

But he could not bring himself to abide that instruction.

Instead, Joseph went to Harry’s cabin, where he found him abed. Joseph urged his friend to accompany him to the boat deck with haste. Something was dreadfully amiss. 

Harry heeded the warning, dressed quickly, and followed Joseph up top to the Third-class promenade, at the stern.

Once there, the pair struggled with their next move.

Joseph recounted this back-and-forth in a letter to his father, which was published by the Guernsey Evening Press on 6 June 1912.

We went to the stern of the ship.

I told him to come where the boats were being lowered, but he replied, "It’s no use for us to go." We then walked up and down the ship for a bit. after a time, I asked him “What do you think about it?” and he said “Joe, the ship is going down fast.” “Well,” I said, “Harry, it’s no use to stay here.”

As published in the Guernsey Evening Press on 6 June 1912.

Joseph's humble assertion that he “walked up and down the ship for a bit" belies prior reporting from that very same periodical.

According to an article published by the Guernsey Evening Press a full month prior to his firsthand account, Joseph spent the disaster on deck, aiding women and children as they awaited lifeboats on the port side.

Curiously, though, this article makes no mention of Harry Williams's presence at all.

Instead, it reports that Joseph was acting alongside his friend from Second-class, the aforementioned Bert Denbuoy.

Bert's friend Joseph Duquemin, was doing his best to help the women and children. At one point he he took off his overcoat and wrapped it round a shivering seven-year old girl. Both of them Denbuoy and Duquemin worked together until they were waist deep in water. By that time all the boats had left.

As published in the Guernsey Evening Press on 2 May 1912.

The young child to whom Joseph had given his coat was Eva Hart, a Second-class passenger traveling with her parents.

According to the report published on 2 May 1912, "Joseph Duquemin turned to [Bert] and said ‘I’m off.’ He swam away from the deck and headed for the last lifeboat."

But Joseph's own testimony differs.

One of the men then told us that there was another boat and we started to run, but the ship was now almost gone down. I told Harry “Come this way,” but he said “No, it is too dangerous here.” We left one another as he did not wish to come. I went and I jumped overboard.

As published in the Guernsey Evening Press on 2 May 1912.

Whether both accounts are complete, or two halves of a whole—and, if the latter, in which sequence they might have occurred—is unclear.

Neither Harry Williams nor Bert Denbuoy survived. Harry was reportedly drowned in the eddy of Titanic's suction.

As he flailed, he screamed for Joseph.

Having struck out away from the ship, Joseph Duquemin swam hard for the nearest lifeboat. It was Collapsible D, which was launched off the port side at 2:05 a.m.—only fifteen minutes before Titanic fully submerged.

But when Joseph at last reached the lifeboat, he was refused entry. "They were," as Joseph's son summarized, "afraid too many people would get on board."

As Joseph gripped the canvas sides of the lifeboat, he was beaten away with oars; it was the same violence inflicted upon fellow steerage passenger Thomas McCormack.

Joseph reversed his fate, however, when he insisted that he was a capable oarsman. Once pulled from the water, he readily hauled another struggling swimmer aboard: First-class passenger Frederick Hoyt, whose frantic wife was already in the same lifeboat.

Joseph's goodwill was not well-received by the other occupants in Collapsible D.

He also helped someone else out of the icy water. Hearing a cry for help, Joseph hoisted another swimmer aboard. The rest of the passengers were so angry that they threatened to throw them both back in the sea.

As published in the Guernsey Evening Press on 2 May 1912.

News of the disaster reached Guernsey almost immediately, on the 15th or 16th of April.

Terrified, Mr. and Mrs. Duquemin awaited any word of Joseph’s fate. According to Joseph’s little brother Gerald, his mother was put on bedrest by the family physician due to shock.

Word arrived almost an agonized week later, on the 20th. It was delivered personally by the master of the local Post Office.

Mr. Duquemin’s hands were shaking so badly that he could not read the telegram he held; Joseph’s sister had to read the words aloud for the family.

It was a meager five words: “Joseph Duquemin reported safe, Ismay.”

Upon his arrival in New York City, Joseph was hospitalized for his frostbitten legs, as well as presumed injury to his hands when he had been struck with oars. "Every winter," his son remembered, "his hands would turn white where they hit him with the oars."

Once recuperated, Joseph proceeded with his plan and traveled to Rochester, New York, for masonry work. He wrote to his father, "I am glad to say that I have quite recovered from my dreadful experience. I am well and at work." At some point thereafter, he moved to Windham County, Connecticut.

Shortly thereafter, he served in the First World War.

Upon his return to the United States, Joseph migrated southward toward the Connecticut coastline. Reportedly, Frederick Hoyt—who was the affluent First-class passenger Joseph had pulled into Collapsible D—connected him with a job in Stamford, Connecticut.

And so it was that Joseph settled there, married, and had three children.

According to family, Joseph was a stern and stubborn sort; he spoke of his experience on the Titanic rarely if at all, and it was not an open topic of discussion in his household. When it came to Titanic, "You didn't talk until [Joseph] talked."

But for the rest of his life, Joseph woke up screaming; in nightmares, he could still hear Harry crying out his name.

I heard him calling me “Joe! Joe!”

And these were the last words I heard from him.

As published in the Guernsey Evening Press on 6 June 1912.

Joseph Duquemin died in Stamford, Connecticut, on June 1st of 1950. He was 62 years old.

Years later, Eva Hart traveled to Guernsey to honor the memory of Joseph Duquemin, and to thank his family for the coat that kept her warm as Titanic sank.

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“Good-bye For Ever”: James Farrell

"Good-bye For Ever": James Farrell

The Kates of Co. Longford might not have survived that night, had it not been for James Farrell.

James, born in 1886, was one of nine children, and thus a middle child amongst a swarm of siblings. 

According to census data, his family owned a farm; by 1911, records indicate that his mother, Ellen, had died.

In the 1911 census, 24-year-old James was noted on the same farm property as his father, as an unmarried farmer’s son. And as a farmhand, he was reportedly a rather brawny lad.

What reason James had for traveling to America in 1912 is still uncertain. Records suggest he might have been due to meet a Patrick McGrath, or perhaps a James Keating, both of whom resided in Brooklyn.

Precious little else is known about James Farrell—aside from his heroism as Titanic sank.

James was 26 years old when he boarded Titanic at Queenstown at 11 April 1912.  He almost certainly rode the train there.

A fair few Third-class ticket-holders, who like James were leaving their homes in Co. Longford, also traveled by train to the Queenstown dock that day. 

That particular group reportedly made fast friends with each other, having recognized one another from neighboring villages in Co. Longford. This group included Kate Gilnagh and Thomas McCormack, amongst quite a few others.

They chatted and joked, and even had a sing-song on the train ride, according to a secondhand account.

All things considered, this group most likely included James Farrell.

From the train, the Co. Longford crew boarded the tender ship SS America.

As the little ship shuffled to Titanic’s side, the group likely watched the hills, the churning waves, and the colorless facade of Queenstown receding from view.

In those moments, fellow steerage passenger and musician Eugene Daly rested his pipes against his shoulder, bit down on the mouthpiece, and began to play. It was a moment much adored by those on board.

Once embarked on Titanic, the 113 newly arrived steerage passengers would have descended to the lower decks.

It might have been tiresome, navigating the corridors toward their assigned berths: single men to the bow section; unwed girls aft, in the stern. Married couples—or those couples pretending to be—shared the stern with the ladies.

Later, a settle-in was followed by a hungry pilgrimage to the Third-class dining saloon, which was located on F Deck. Therein, the long, clothed tables awaited them. The passengers were obligated to arrive to dinner in shifts, since the dining saloon could not accommodate everyone at once.

Therein, the sight of pressed tablecloths and electric lights were a delight that many had never before experienced. 

As it was in the berths, the unmarried men were secluded from maidens and families while dining; the saloon, divided as it was by a watertight bulkhead, facilitated this separation.

Coats were hung on pegs along the white walls, and seats were taken. The dinner was served by stewards; the food was robust, and the room presumably boisterous.

After dinner, the Co. Longford company might have reconvened in the Third-class general room to spend time in each other’s company. 

They might have taken up a game of chess, cards, or dominoes; alternately, they might have decided to enjoy music by the upright piano. One of the Co. Longford girls, named Kate Murphy, had brought her violin along.

The men likewise might have adjourned to the adjacent Third-Class Smoking Room, which was designated exclusively for their use. 

The Co. Longford group almost certainly spent time out on the aft decks as well.

Much of James Farrell’s time was likely spent this way: reporting for meal times, and spending time with his new friends from Co. Longford.

The men and women from Co. Longford—James Farrell among them—seem to have done their utmost to stick together throughout the sinking. 

After Kate Gilnagh and her cabin mates were awoken and alerted to the emergency by Eugene Daly, they tried to ascend the decks as quickly as they could. 

But, according to survivor testimony given to author Walter Lord, the steerage passengers were held back, and thus barricaded from salvation in a lifeboat.

In that dire moment, James Farrell appears in a survivor account for the first time.

Others somehow reached the second class Promenade space on B deck, then couldn’t find their way any further… Others beat on the barriers, demanding to be let through. Third class passenger Daniel Buckley… jumped to his feet and raised up the steps again. The seaman took one look, locked the gate and fled. The passenger smashed the lock and dashed through, howling what he would do if he caught the sailor...

At another barrier a seaman held back Kathy Gilnagh, Kate Mullins, and Kate Murphy… Suddenly a steerage passenger, Jim Farrell, a strapping Irishman from the girls’ home county, barged up. “Great God, man!” He roared. “Open the gate and let the girls through!” It was a superb demonstration of sheer voice power. To the girls' astonishment, the sailor meekly complied.

Excerpt from "A Night to Remember," by Walter Lord, page 57.

In the calamity that followed the girls' escape from behind the unspecified "barrier" between the Third- and Second-class decks, Kate Gilnagh found herself temporarily separated from her Co. Longford friends.

They were, at that moment, located a full deck above her.

She did manage, under curious circumstance, to rejoin the other Co. Longford lasses up on the boat deck, where they had just boarded Lifeboat 16.

And it was here that Kate Gilnagh would encounter James Farrell one more time.

Kate had just been denied entry to the lifeboat; it was too full to take on any additional passengers, she was told. But she finagled her way aboard with a compulsive fib.

Defying great odds, James Farrell had succeeded in securing the girls their survival. And so, as the lifeboat descended, he took the opportunity to bestow upon Kate Gilnagh a last kindness.

In her letter, [Kate Gilnagh] states that she and another girl named McCoy were the last two girls taken on the last boat, and a young man who had previously got into the boat was taken out of it. She further states that she was wearing a small shawl on her head which got blown off, when a person named Mr. James Farrell of Clonee [sic], gave her his cap. 

As they were being lowered, he shouted: 'good-bye for ever’, and that was the last she saw of him.

As reported in the Irish Post, 25 May 1912. Citation Courtesy of The Irish Aboard Titanic, by Senan Moloney.

Kate Gilnagh never saw James Farrell again.

But Kate Mullen, who was another of the Co. Longford colleens, spotted James the boat deck after the lifeboats oared themselves afar.

He was kneeling next to his suitcase, praying the Rosary.

James Farrell died in the Titanic disaster.

Nine days later, on 23 April 1912, his body was pulled from the water by the recovery ship Mackay-Bennett.

James still held his Rosary beads in his hands.

NO. 68. - MALE. - ESTIMATED AGE, 40. - HAIR, DARK; MOUSTACHE, LIGHT

CLOTHING - Dark suit; black boots; grey socks.

EFFECTS - Silver watch; two purses (one empty), the other with $10.00, 3s. 2 1/2d., and 10 kronor; two studs; cameo; beads, left on body.

NAME ON THIRD TICKET NO. B67233. JAMES FARRELL, Longford.

James Farrell was the 68th Titanic victim found in the Mackay Bennett's recovery expedition. On 24 April 1912, his corpse was committed to the sea.

They buried him with his Rosary beads.

Kate Gilnagh, along with multiple other Co. Longford girls, survived the sinking.

And Kate believed that James Farrell's bellow across the barrier that night was what saved her life.

Kate was interviewed about her survivor experience in November of 1956. Even then, after more than four decades, she was moved to reflect on James Farrell's fearlessness.

"Well, we were standing on the steerage, Third Class, they call it, and then we couldn't get up to Second," Kate said. "And of course then there was one man with us.

And he was our guardian angel."

 

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“Too Heart-broken To Talk Much”: Austin Van Billiard

"Too Heart-broken To Talk Much": Austin Van Billiard

He had a pocket full of diamonds when they pulled him from the sea.

For over 10 years, it had been his stock-in-trade.

Austin Van Billiard was an ambitious sort. Born in Pennsylvania in 1877, he had expatriated to Europe when he was 23 years old; he went abroad to Paris, to work as an electrician “building Exhibits” for the 1900 World’s Fair.

While Austin worked in Paris, he met an Englishman’s daughter named Maud Murray. They married 1901. 

The young couple thereafter honeymooned to America, so Maud could meet her new husband’s family. 

Their first child, James, was born there in America in August of that same year. But the new family was soon setting off to Europe again.

Maud wrote later that she and Austin had big plans.

Both of us being adventurous and interesting [sic] in prospecting, we embarked to London and Paris visiting relatives and friends. As we read and learned more of South Africa we decided to sail for Cape Town and prospect for diamonds...

And so, in 1902, Austin, Maud, and baby James moved to South Africa, where Austin owned part of a diamond claim. 

The Van Billiards sailed the Vaal River for the Belgian Congo, “stopping wherever the ground looked favorable for finding the precious stones.”

Their initial success, though thrilling, was hard-won over multiple years.

This journey necessitated a very crude form of living. We lived for days in thatched roof huts held together with bamboo. Cooking and bathing facilities were arranged in small round huts… Our laundry was washed against the rocks by the natives. Our wagon from the United States stood as well, but frequent storms and hurricanes drove us for shelter within caves and crevices, which had been dug by four prospectors traveling through this Virgin country required carrying limited supplies. 

Finally in possession of a fine crop of diamonds, Austin and Maud moved on to Rhodesia.

Eventually, though, the venture took its toll. In addition to prospecting, by late 1909 the couple now managed a total of five young children: James, Walter, Dorothy, Donald, and Richard.

In 1910, Austin reported the following to the American Consulate in Cape Town, South Africa.

I came to South Africa for the purpose of establishing an international trade in diamonds. Owing to the depression following the war and by reason of unfortunate business reverses, my financial condition has been such that I have been unable to return to the United States thus accounting for my prolonged absence abroad. It is not my intention to make this country my permanent home… I have always regarded and do now regard the United States as my permanent residence.

The family arrived in London for what was intended to be a three-week stay before continuing on to the United States. Austin had already forged connections with diamond brokers in New York City, and he was eager to get there.

Austin excitedly informed his parents back home of his upcoming return to the United States—but in limited detail. Austin conveyed to them only that he would travel later into the spring.

Quite intentionally, he did not specify when.

Austin was expected in New York City by the aforementioned diamond brokers. And so he seized upon the opportunity to surprise his parents with an early visit.

He had not seen them in over ten years.

After some deliberation, it was decided that Maud would stay behind with the younger children in London, to extend her recuperation from childbirth.

But Austin and their two oldest sons, 10-year-old James and 9-year-old Walter, would travel ahead and surprise the family back in Pennsylvania.

And so, Austin Van Billiard booked passage on Titanic.

Curiously, despite his evident familial affluence and his cache of diamonds, Austin Van Billiard purchased Third-class tickets. 

It has been speculated that Austin was trying to lay low because of the treasures he carried, which reportedly amounted to "many thousand dollars worth" of uncut diamonds. Sailing in steerage certainly would dispel any notions that he was well-off. 

It has also been suggested that, since First- and Second-class passenger lists were published in American newspapers, that Austin hoped to keep his homecoming a surprise from his parents by staying anonymous in Third-class.

Or maybe he was simply frugal.

It is unknown how Austin and his sons spent their time onboard, perhaps supporting the notion that the Van Billiards strove to keep a low profile.

Austin's movements during the sinking are unknown. Contemporary reporting suggests that James and Walter would have clung to their father as Titanic foundered, rather than be separated in a lifeboat. Or perhaps, because the Van Billiards were steerage passengers, they never got to a lifeboat at all.

Austin and both of his boys died when Titanic sank.

Austin was 35 years old.

The very first body recovered by the crew of the Mackay-Bennett on 21 April 1912 was that of a young boy with fair hair and Danish coins in his pocket. 

He was identified as 9-year-old Walter van Billiard. This identification, however, has historically been questioned.

Austin’s body was discovered a few days later, the 255th to be recovered by the MacKay-Bennett.

A dozen diamonds were still in Austin's pocket.

NO. 255. - MALE. - ESTIMATED AGE, 40. HAIR, DARK; RED IMPERIAL AND MOUSTACHE.

CLOTHING - Grey suit; green flannel shirt; brown boots.

EFFECTS - Pipe; £3 5s. in purse; gold watch, "J. B." on back; 12 loose diamonds; 1 pair cuff links.

THIRD CLASS.

NAME - AUSTIN VAN BILLIARD.

In Pennsylvania, Austin’s parents, James and Phoebe, had no reason to believe they were affected by the Titanic disaster; they did not know their son had been on board with the grandchildren they'd never met.

But when James read a passenger manifest in the newspaper, he saw his own last name.

James believed it a coincidence; Austin and the children were not due to arrive for weeks yet.

Never the less, James wired his daughter-in-law in London, inquiring if Austin and the boys had, unbeknownst to him, already sailed.

Maud confirmed the worst.

This simply worded cablegram received from Mrs. Austin Van Billiard added another pathetic chapter to the story of the Titanic disaster. Because their son had written positively that he would not sail for at least two weeks, the Van Billiards had not the slightest inkling of their loss until yesterday. With no apprehension of the disaster, a royal welcome was being planned on the son's arrival home.

Meanwhile, Austin’s younger brother Monroe received the sad news at his home in New Jersey.

Mr. [Monroe] Van Billiard started to pack up yesterday, on receiving the sad news of his brother, intending to go home [to Pennsylvania], but later changed his mind, knowing that he could do nothing at present.

He is too heart-broken to talk much of the affair.

Austin Van Billiard was laid to rest in Whitemarsh Memorial Park in Ambler, Pennsylvania. Interred alongside him: the body of the fair-haired boy identified as Walter, his younger son.

The body of Austin's eldest child, James, was never found.

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“The Noise Was Terrific”: Sensory Titanic

"The Noise Was Terrific": Sensory Titanic

Monochrome photos and scuffed film footage of the RMS Titanic—captivating though they are—often belie the obvious: she was not, in fact, a mute ship.

Her walls were not greyscale set-pieces; her passengers were not quaintly clad rooks on a chessboard.

Titanic was a lively, living vessel that was full of lively, living people. And as such, she sailed in a constant eddy of sound.

It was noisy on board.

There were the usual ambient noises, naturally, such as the wind and rush of Atlantic waves. And Lawrence Beesley, the bookish and astute Second-class passenger, recalled in detail the maritime soundtrack of seagulls as Titanic followed the coast.

In our wake soared and screamed hundreds of gulls, which had quarreled and fought over the remnants of lunch pouring out of the waist pipes as we lay-to in the harbor entrance… The gulls were still behind us when night fell, and still, they screamed and dipped down into the broad wake of foam which we left behind; but in the morning they were gone…

Excerpt from "The Loss of the S.S. Titanic" by Lawrence Beesley, published in 1912.

But the most notable noise on board was most certainly the thrumming. The ever-turning engines and propulsion of the ship caused a low-frequency vibration throughout the ship.

It was, in essence, Titanic's very heartbeat.

Jack Thayer, a 17-year-old traveling with his parents, recalled the effect.

 There was the steady rhythmic pulsation of the engines and screws, the feel and hearing of which becomes second nature to one, after a few hours at sea.

Excerpt from "The Sinking of the S.S. Titanic" by Jack Thayer.

Most passengers grew accustomed to it rather quickly, although some wrote that they found it troubling at the start of the voyage—especially when trying to get to sleep. And depending on the particular whereabouts of one’s cabin, the omnipresent vibration often caused a collateral racket.

This was the unfortunate case for Second-class passenger Samuel Hocking.

You can hardly realise you are on board except for the jolting of the engines that is why it is such bad writing… I turned in at 10 o’clock last night, but could get no sleep owing to the rattle of water bottles, glasses and other things too numerous to mention so I was glad to get up at six o’clock...

Citation courtesy of "On Board RMS Titanic," by George Behe. 2012.

Samuel, like other perturbed passengers, mused that he would “soon get used to it.”

Above the persistent mechanical hum would have been the simple commotion of everyday life that played out in Titanic’s common areas.

With her multiple long promenades, Titanic was made for moseying about. And in spite of the April briskness, her passengers took full advantage. Conversations in this setting were probably private enough, likely intelligible from afar due to the sea winds. 

But not everyone received the memo regarding on-deck decorum.

Multiple passengers in Second-class noted a loud jollity amongst the younger men on board. 

Henry Hodges, who was on his way to Boston to visit with family, made mention of some notably raucous lads in a letter to a Mr. Hector Young. He posted the missive during Titanic’s stopover in Queenstown, Ireland, on 11 April.

 On the top deck, there are about 20 boys, from 20 upwards, marching round and singing, others are playing dominoes and cards in the saloons. Some are reading, some writing. 

Citation courtesy of "On Board RMS Titanic," by George Behe. 2012.

Fellow Second-class passenger Kate Buss seems to have heard these guys, too. 

She was not a fan. 

“Such a noise by the many youths aboard,” Kate wrote. “The second class is very mixed. Some very ordinary, and some very nice. One can really walk miles a day going around the decks.”

Kate didn’t always seem the tolerant sort when it came to noise, and seems to have been specifically irked by noisy children on board.

Promised to go on deck before breakfast, but I hear so many men about outside. I’m afraid to go on the deck below and fetch Miss W. Shall wait until I hear the dressing gong.… I hear a baby screaming now, two or three are on board... some seem to turn up only at meal times. 

Citation courtesy of "On Board RMS Titanic," by George Behe. 2012.

Kate did, however, look fondly on two of the children nearby. The LaRoche daughters—3-year-old Simone and 1-year-old Louise—were “dolls running about.”

In steerage, the nearly 100 children under age 14 were also underfoot and surely making themselves heard as they played. Eliza Johnston, for example, wrote in a postcard to her father that “we are all feeling A1. The kids are skipping about like skylarks.”

Lawrence Beesley observed Third-class goings-on from afar, and he described a vibrant soundscape of music and play among the passengers on deck.

Looking down astern from the boat deck or from B deck to the storage quarters, I often noticed how the third-class passengers were enjoying every minute of the time: a most uproarious skipping game of the mixed-double type was the great favorite, while “in and out and roundabout” went a Scotchman with his bagpipes playing something that Gilbert says “faintly resembled an air."

Excerpt from "The Loss of the S.S. Titanic" by Lawrence Beesley, published in 1912.

Other populous areas on board were, without doubt, an ongoing orchestra of the mundane.

In the dining rooms, for instance: the shrill clatter of White Star Line china, the pushing and pulling of chairs on carpet, the pouring of teas, and the murmur of the waitstaff.

Of course, summoning the passengers to prepare for these mealtimes was a soundtrack unto itself. In First-class, Arthur Gee described it with a sense of humor.

Just finished dinner. They call us up to dress by bugle. It reminded me of some Russian villages where they call the cattle home from the fields by horn made from the bark of a tree. 

Citation courtesy of "On Board RMS Titanic," by George Behe. 2012.

In Second-class, Juliette LaRoche, the mother of the aforementioned “dolls” Simone and Louise, described a similar experience in a letter to her father back in France. “The chime of the bell announcing breakfast woke them up. Louise laughed a lot at it…”

Juliette went on to describe yet another element of the auditory experience on Titanic: that of near-ubiquitous music.

“I am writing from the reading room,” she wrote. “There is a concert in here, near me, one violin, two cellos, one piano.”

The Titanic was equipped with a reported six Steinway pianos of varying models; three were located in First-class, two were located in Second-class, and the last was for the use of steerage passengers.

While the First-class pianos were reserved for Titanic's musicians, record exists of passengers playing the pianos in both the Second- and Third-Classes.

One of the two Second-class Steinways was played upon by 27-year-old Robert Douglas Norman during an impromptu hymn service held by Reverend Ernest Carter, a fellow passenger, on the same evening as the iceberg strike.

The Third-class piano, located in the general room on C-Deck, existed solely for passengers—and it was certainly used, particularly during the party held on the night of the iceberg strike.

Gershon Cohen wrote that, even in the immediate aftermath of the collision, "people were singing and playing the piano, and the band [of passenger musicians] was still playing."

Eugene Daly corroborated Gershon's recollection. "I played the pipes and there was a great deal of dancing and singing. This was kept up even after we had struck."

When Titanic collided with the iceberg, the sound experience varied drastically per passenger.

Some reported that they heard nothing at all.

Third-class passenger Elin Hakkarainen wrote that she and her husband Pekka were in their cabin when they "heard a scraping sound... a few moments later the throb of the engines stopped."

In First-class, Jack Thayer had just come back from a jaunt up on deck.

I went onto the boat deck – it was deserted and lonely. The wind whistled through the stays, and blackish smoke poured out of the three forward funnels… It was the kind of a night that made one feel glad to be alive.

Excerpt from "The Sinking of the S.S. Titanic" by Jack Thayer.

Jack returned to his quarters soon thereafter and prepared for bed as he listened again to the wheezing wind. "I had half opened the port [window], and the breeze was coming through with a quiet humming whistle," he wrote.

Then Titanic struck the iceberg.

Jack's account of what unfolded is a testament to chaos and cacophony.

The noise was terrific. The deep vibrating roar of the exhaust steam blowing off through the safety valves was deafening, in addition to which they had commenced to send up rockets… After standing there for some minutes talking above the din, trying to determine what we should do next, we finally decided to go back into the crowded hallway where it was warm.

Excerpt from "The Sinking of the S.S. Titanic" by Jack Thayer.

Jack jumped overboard, finding refuge on the overturned Collapsible B.

Still, he could hear it all.

The roaring of the exhaust steam suddenly stopped, making a great quietness, in spite of many mixed noises of hurrying human effort and anguish. As I recall it, the lights were still on, even then. There seemed to be quite a ruddy glare, but it was a murky light, with distant people and objects vaguely outlined. The stars were brilliant and the water oily…

Occasionally there had been a muffled thud or deadened explosion within the ship. Now, without warning she seemed to start forward, moving forward and into the water at an angle of about fifteen degrees. This movement, with the water rushing up toward us was accompanied by a rumbling roar, mixed with more muffled explosions. It was like standing under a steel railway bridge while an express train passes overhead, mingled with the noise of a pressed steel factory and wholesale breakage of china...

Excerpt from "The Sinking of the S.S. Titanic" by Jack Thayer.

According to Jack, Titanic's stern soundlessly slipped beneath the surface of the water.

And the wails began.

Titanic went under the water with very little apparent suction or noise… Praying and cursing and cries of entreaty and words of command came from those of us packed like sardines on the hull of [overturned Collapsible B].

Probably a minute passed with almost dead silence and quiet. Then an individual call for help, from here, from there; gradually swelling into a composite volume of one long continuous wailing chant, from the fifteen hundred in the water all around us. It sounded like locusts on a mid-summer night, in the woods in Pennsylvania.

This terrible continuing cry lasted for twenty or thirty minutes, gradually dying away, as one after another could no longer withstand the cold...

Excerpt from "The Sinking of the S.S. Titanic" by Jack Thayer.

Even today, Titanic still has a voice.

According to some who have visited the Titanic's wreck site, the ship groans against the deepwater currents. It sounds, supposedly, like a creaky old house in the wind.

SOURCE MATERIAL

Hyslop, Donald, Alastair Forsyth, and Sheila Jemima. "Titanic Voices: Memories from the Fateful Voyage." Sutton Publishing Limited, 1997.

Behe, George. "On Board RMS Titanic: Memories of the Maiden Voyage." The History Press, 2012.

Beesley, Lawrence. "The Loss of the S.S. Titanic." Houghton Mifflin Company, 1912. Rpt. by Mariner Books, 2000.

Bile, Serge. "Black Man on the Titanic: The Story of Joseph Laroche." Mango Publishing, 2019.

https://titanicarchive.org/collections/documents/john-jack-borland-thayer/the-sinking-of-the-ss-titanic

https://newengland.com/yankee/history/titanic-survivor/

https://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/community/threads/the-pianos.53155/

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“Attached to Each Other”: Denis Lennon & Mary Mullin

“Attached to Each Other”: Denis Lennon & Mary Mullin

Joe Mullin chased after his sister, all the way to the Queenstown dock—wielding a loaded revolver.

But by the time he got there, the tender ship had already pulled away. 

The tender SS America shrunk down as it bobbed toward the RMS Titanic, ferrying over 120 passengers toward their fate. And amongst those passengers was Joe’s little sister, Mary, along with her lover Denis Lennon.

They were eloping.

Mary's family evidently did not approve.

Joe Mullin, a runner for Guinness and reportedly a mercurial, impulsive drinker, was witnessed pounding his fists on the dock rail in ire. 

The police at Queenstown later affirmed to Joe that yes, they had indeed seen a young couple who appeared to be “runaways.” But they did not react, as they had not been informed of any runaways.

Mary was just 18 years old; Denis, 20.

It all unfurled after the Easter holiday.

Mary had been at home in Co. Galway with her mother and siblings. She was then due to return to her boarding school, called Loreto Abbey. 

The Mullin family was a prosperous one. Mary’s widowed mother, Delia, owned a thriving pub and general store in Clarinbridge, Co. Galway. Joe worked as the bookkeeper, while his younger brother Owen was shopkeeper.

And according to the 1911 census, the shop assistant was Denis Lennon.

Denis, born in Co. Longford, was the third of six children in an impoverished family. Mary’s hometown of Clarinbridge was well over 100 miles away.

And yet somehow, for reasons still unknown, Denis had made his way there.

Mary was not present at home at the time of the 1911 census; she instead is found listed as a pupil at Loreto Abbey, located in Rathfarnham.

Despite this, at some point, Denis and Mary fell in love. Afraid that their desire to marry would be denied by her family, they made a plan.

It had been arranged that, following the Easter holiday with her family, Mary would take the train into Dublin, to be collected by her brother Bartholomew. He would thereafter deliver Mary back to school.

She reportedly left on time for the rail station on departure day.

But Mary Mullin never met with Bartholomew in Dublin.

Mary’s sister Bridget suspected something and made her way to the railway. There, Bridget had spotted Denis “the barman” watching her from a train.

At the station I saw a lad on the train, his name was Lennon, looking at me. Then later we got a wire from the school saying she had not arrived.

Citation courtesy of "The Irish Aboard Titanic" by Senan Molony.

As it turned out, once Mary arrived at the station, she had clandestinely taken a train to Cork with Denis.

According to family rumor, Denis had been stealing bit by bit from the till at the pub, in preparation for the elopement. 

The runaway lovers had originally booked their passage on the SS Cymric, one of the White Star Line’s older passenger liners.

Plans were nearly scuttled, however, when the ongoing coal strike disabled the Cymric.

Mary and Denis were presumably gleeful, then, to find out that their passage was transferred to the maiden voyage of Titanic, scheduled to depart only four days later.

Their ticket bore falsehoods.

The pair reported that they were siblings: a 21-year-old laborer and a 20-year-old spinster. Perhaps in a cheeky nod to their intention to marry, they registered solely under Denis’s last name.

And so, having eluded Joe Mullin’s handgun, they boarded Titanic as “Denis and Mary Lennon.”

Little exists in the way of information regarding Mary and Denis while on board Titanic, although contemporary reporting asserts that they “were spoken to while aboard the ill-fated vessel.”

Neither survived.

At first, it was speculated that maybe "the bride" Mary had survived, but it was a futile hope.

A young couple who were attached to each other from early youth and who came to Queenstown by appointment and secured tickets in the name of brother and sister, intending to marry in America, are both apparently gone.

As reported by the Cork Examiner, April 19, 1912. Citation courtesy of "The Irish Aboard Titanic" by Senan Molony.

In her bereavement, Delia Mullin engaged local solicitors, Blake & Kenny, to investigate the fate of her stolen daughter. 

After interviewing survivors, the solicitors discovered that a couple resembling Denis and Mary that either had a single lifeboat seat—or alternately, a single lifebelt—between them, meant for the girl. She refused, stating that ‘if he couldn’t have one’ then neither would she.

For decades thereafter, Denis and Mary were a persistent mystery: thanks to the error of the White Star Line, Denis’s surname of Lennon was, for a long time erroneously recorded, as “Lemon.”

The true nature of their relationship was, and still is, uncertain.

And, of course, “Mary Lennon” was elusive in found records, since, technically, she did not exist.

The legacy of Mary and Denis endures even today. 

After the disaster, local folklore memorialized the tragedy of the lovesick girl who eloped on Titanic with her family's shop-hand.

An alumna of Loreto Abbey stated during an interview that as late as 1949, the school continued to invoke dedicated prayers each April for Mary Mullin. Hers was their chosen cautionary tale against romantic impulse.

And then, more than seven decades later, Mary and Denis inspired the creation of a fictional, forbidden liaison on the RMS Titanic.

It was a movie about a rich girl, a poor boy, and an angry chase involving a handgun. 

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“Declaration of Intention”: Franz Pulbaum

"Declaration of Intention": Franz Pulbaum

Franz Pulbaum wanted to be an American.

And on the 17th of February, 1912, he averred as much, signing a Declaration of Intention to pursue US citizenship and permanent residency.

Franz, who had been born in Munich in 1884, was 27 years old in April of 1912. 

He had emigrated to the United States from the German city of Bremen. According to his Declaration of Intention, he arrived at an unknown port on Valentine’s Day of 1907.

Franz was a machinist, valued as a supremely skilled trade craftsman who worked in metal. 

Franz found—or perhaps already had—employment with a machining firm, called the Witching Waves Company, that manufactured a pioneering amusement-park thrill ride.

Witching Waves Co. was founded by Theophilus Van Kannel, who had also invented the revolving door in 1888. 

Van Kannel’s Witching Waves ride debuted in Luna Park, Coney Island, in 1907. It was the same year that Franz arrived in the United States, although there is no evidence at present that the two occasions were related.

The Witching Waves swiftly became the most popular ride at Luna Park, which itself had only opened four years prior in 1903. Soon after its installation, the ride was regarded as a flagship attraction.

Under Luna Park’s hundreds of thousands of dazzling lights, the Witching Waves recreated a so-called “stormy sea experience” in Coney Island’s “Electric Eden.”

A sort of prototype to the modern bumper car, the Witching Waves moved two-seater scooter cars around a large oval racetrack that measured almost 200 feet long. 

The floor of the course was made of iron sheets that flexed in a forward fashion, undulating like ocean waves. 

The mechanized swells traveled down the sheet iron, propelling the precariously balanced riders—dozens all at once—down and around the course; certain larger “waves” forced the cars in the desired direction.

The cars, though steerable in the most basic sense, had no starting mechanism, so they had to be manually pushed out of the loading area by a ride attendant. 

The cars likewise were not equipped with restraints, resulting in not a few mishaps as riders were bounced about. Riders were sometimes flung head-over-feet from their cars. 

Inevitably, more grievous injuries sometimes resulted. In 1919, for example, firemen at Rockaway Beach had to destroy the ride to save a child, ripping it into pieces to rescue a boy who had gotten caught in the floor’s mechanism.

Unfortunately, the Witching Waves suffered a short expiry date; its longevity was often truncated by metal fatigue and an array of mechanical failures.

Despite these operational quirks, another was installed in Manhattan 1910. More Witching Waves rides followed in various amusement parks in both the United States and Europe.

Franz Pulbaum, reportedly a chief mechanic for Witching Waves Co., would have been critical to these subsequent installations.

In 1912, one such installation had recently been completed at Luna Park—a franchise location of Coney Island’s original—in Paris, France.

Franz Pulbaum was sent to inspect it.

By all impressions, Franz seemed to be doing rather well for himself. He used a pocket-sized, leatherbound date book, its binding branded with Maryland Club Rye, which was a popular and elite whiskey made by Cahn, Belt & Co. out of Baltimore. Back home in New York, he had purchased a striped, grey-silk necktie, as well as silk socks, for himself.

Most notably, Franz had just recently received a certificate of “Capital Stock” in the amount of $50,000.00 from Witching Waves Co.: proof enough that he excelled at his work. 

All of this while still refining his mastery of the American-English language, as evidenced by the German-to-English dictionary he carried.

During his business trip to Paris, Franz appeared to have enjoyed his leisure time as a tourist. 

He collected postcards—29 in all—of various Paris attractions, picturesque scenes of the Seine and Tuileries Garden. Notably, he also carried a postcard of a rollercoaster called Le Scenic Railway, an attraction at the Parisian Luna Park where he carried out his work.

Friends wrote him while he was abroad, sly in their envy as they asked after him and declared he must be enjoying limitless fine wine, being as he was in France.

Franz also made time a visit to his native Germany.

So Franz’s time was well-spent, and his work well-done. 

Because his boss, the aforementioned inventor Theophilus Van Kannel, was reportedly so pleased with Franz that, when time came for him to return to the United States, Mr. Van Kannel offered to upgrade his passage.

Franz had reportedly been booked on the SS La Provence.

Now, he would board as a Second-class passenger on Titanic. He boarded on the evening of 10 April, at the port of Cherbourg.

Franz’s time spent on Titanic is undocumented, and therefore unknown.

Franz Pulbaum died in the sinking. His remains, if ever recovered, were unidentified.

In 1993, RMS Titanic Inc., proceeded with a recovery expedition of the wreck site.

Amongst the salvaged items from that expedition was unopened luggage.

It belonged to Franz Pulbaum.

Within were the intimate artifacts of his blossoming life: His German-English dictionary. His small leather notebook, containing snippets of advice for the successful modern businessman. His professional tools, rusted but intact, including his fabric tape measurer. A bottle of hair tonic. His collection of Parisian postcards, bundled with string. His brand-new silk socks, still pinned at the toe.

Franz Pulbaum's tape measurer, recovered in 1993 by RMS Titanic, Inc. Photograph courtesy of RMS Titanic, Inc., exhibit in Boston, MA, December 2024.

© SOLILOQUISM.COM

There were documents, too: Letters. The stock certificate from the Witching Waves Co.

And an official “Declaration of Intention” to become an American, signed by Franz not two months before he died aboard Titanic.

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“That Doesn’t Seem a Very Commendable Proceeding”: The Fate of Titanic’s Lifeboats

“That Doesn’t Seem a Very Commendable Proceeding”: The Fate of Titanic’s Lifeboats

In the blue morning hours of 15 April 1912, having already brought aboard Titanic’s survivors, the Carpathia set about to salvage any of the now-vacant lifeboats thought to be in good condition. 

But, with precious little room to store them all on an already-full vessel, it was decided that not all the lifeboats could be saved. 

And so, some of the Titanic’s lifeboats were set adrift, or otherwise abandoned to the open ocean.

Thirteen of Titanic’s twenty lifeboats arrived on the Carpathia when she swung into New York City on the night of 18 April.

They were, as it turned out, the very first of Titanic’s survivors to disembark the rescue ship—much to the wonder and dismay of the throng that awaited the Carpathia at Pier 54.

The waiting hundred, almost frantic with anxiety over what the Carpathia might reveal, watched her, as with nerve-destroying leisure she swung about in the river, dropping overboard, Titanic’s lifeboats. It was dark in the river, the lowering of the boats could be seen from the Carpathia’s pier, and a deep sigh arose from the multitude there as they caught this first glimpse of something associated with the Titanic.

The Carpathia’s captain Arthur Rostron later described the scene himself.

There were dozens of tug[boats] dodging about the ship, and the lowering away of Titanic’s boats (we could not get into dock until all of the Titanic boats were away from the ship, as seven of them were suspended in our davits and six were in the forecastle head, and so in the way of working the mooring ropes) and these boats, leaving the ship in the blackness of the night with two of the rescued crew in each boat and some of Titanic’s officers in charge of them, it brought back to one’s mind the manner in which these same boats were last lowered from that great and magnificent ship never to reach New York.

According to various reports, some of the wrecked lifeboats were laid upon a derrick vessel called Champion, while some others were towed away to berth by tugboats.

Once reunited and off-board the Carpathia, Titanic's thirteen lifeboats weathered that rainy night in the water, bobbing and clattering in the White Star Line’s Pier 59.

Meanwhile, Senator William Alden Smith had conducted a hasty interview with White Star chairman J. Bruce Ismay while he was still on board the Carpathia. Afterward, Senator Smith had informed the press that the surviving lifeboats would be of use in the upcoming Senate inquiry into the loss of the Titanic.

But it would not happen.

After their sleepover in the water, the huddled lifeboats were pulled from the water the next day. The task was undertaken by men working for the firm Merritt & Chapman, whose derrick had assisted the night prior.

Under supervision, the lifeboats were hauled aloft onto the docks between Piers 58 and 59.

Each of the thirteen lifeboats were then inspected and their contents were plainly inventoried by a dockside supervisor named Osborne Thompson. 

Mr. Thompson also made note of every lifeboat’s present condition, particularly whether insignia such as Titanic name plates, number plates, or White Star Line flags were absent.

Many were.

Perhaps the surviving lifeboats had been scavenged overnight by relic hunters, stripped of their brass nameplates for souvenirs.

First-class survivor Abraham Salomon, however, offered another explanation, claiming outright that the lifeboats were robbed of their fittings during their recovery at sea.

Within an hour after the Titanic's lifeboats had been stowed aboard the Carpathia every name plate had been taken off them. There were offered for sale at $5 each, and every one of them was sold. That doesn't seem… a very commendable proceeding from either side, but I may be wrong.

Mr. Salomon’s assertions have been proven accurate over the course of time, as various fittings from the thirteen lifeboats have appeared in both private and museum collections.

Just as likely, of course, is that some of the affected lifeboats might have simply incurred damage during their handling in the aftermath of the sinking.

Once inventoried by Mr. Thompson, the lifeboats were stored away.

This decision immediately incited media suspicions; the press readily suggested that the White Star Line had something to hide.

It was even reported that a photographer, while attempting to take photos of the mysterious lifeboats, had a gun fired on him by a pier watchman on duty.

The White Star Line presumably stored the lifeboats in New York due to Senator Smith’s proclamation that the vessels would be pertinent to his investigation. 

But the United States Senate Inquiry concluded in May 1912.

And as of September of 1912, the lifeboats were still in situ at the pier. 

But they had not been forgotten.

On the 28th of September, a pair of gentlemen named Henry Masters and Frank Martin carried out a valuation of the thirteen lifeboats at the behest of the White Star Line.

According to Martin and Masters, they came upon the boats at Pier 58. They had been placed on the second story of the dock, and were arranged in no particular order. The men started at the end of the dock with Lifeboat 11.

One by one and with the help of two dockyard employees, the men pulled each boat’s canvas back, measured it, and conducted a detailed assessment. Mr. Martin scribbled the corresponding notes in his ledger.

The lifeboats were all damaged in some way, he recalled—some missing their wooden gunwales, others with broken planks—but in spite of some scuffs, none of them “appeared to be very old.”

The valuation took around 4 or 5 hours.

Just before the new year, the White Star Line hired someone else to assess the lifeboats yet again; this time, the intent was to assess their value in the American marketplace. 

The assessor, named Axel Sawman, found them in “the upper part of the shed” at Pier 58, just as his predecessors had. He thereafter conducted an itemization of the separate items and effects of each lifeboat.

Sawman's appraisal is the last known record of Titanic’s thirteen surviving lifeboats. Whether they were recycled, scrapped, or abandoned to rot in that shed, the last relics of the Titanic were never seen again.

Over a century later, evidence of their fate has yet to be found.

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“A Few Seconds Later, He Was Gone!”: John Coffey

"A Few Seconds Later, He Was Gone!": John Coffey

John Coffey just wanted to get home.

Luckily, he found an opportunity when the Titanic dropped anchor in Queenstown. 

The Titanic arrived in Queenstown, Ireland, in the morning on 11 April. It was overcast and cool; against the grey clouds, Titanic’s black hull appeared painted onto the horizon.

[Titanic] dropped anchor at 11.55 a.m. about a mile outside Roche’s Point and as one saw her steaming slowly into view, a majestic monster, floating it seemed, irresistibly into the harbour, a strange sense of might and power pervaded the scene. She embodies the latest triumphs in the world of mercantile marine...

As reported in the Cork Examiner, April 12, 1912. Citation courtesy of the Cork Libraries.

Titanic’s stopover in Queenstown, which reclaimed its Irish name of Cobh in 1922, was hardly novel. Queenstown had been a major embarkation point for immigrants seeking passage from Ireland for decades. So common was the scene of families parting, that the dock at Queenstown had been nicknamed “Heartbreak Pier.”

Outside the shipping agency of James Scott & Company, over 100 Titanic passengers awaited. The majority held steerage tickets; less than 10 were Second-class passengers.

Two smaller ships, called tenders, met them at Heartbreak Pier that day. They were named the PS America and PS Ireland.

The Ireland ushered on board some local journalists, who were there to document the brand-new Titanic at her final port of call before undertaking her maiden voyage. About ten Titanic ticketholders followed the press on board.

Then the Ireland surprised its few passengers by slipping away from the PS America, which was still loading up.

But the Ireland cruised to a stop nearby in the Deepwater Quay alongside the railway station. It turned out she needed to pick up over 1300 bags of mail that Titanic was to deliver stateside.

A passenger reshuffle between the Ireland and the America occurred shortly thereafter, when tardy ticketholders arrived at the dock last-minute. They had been held up by a late train.

A photographer named Thomas Barker, sent by the Cork Examiner, decided at this moment to hop from the Ireland over to the adjacent America, to snap a picture of the heaps of the Ireland’s mailbags.

In the foreground, some of Titanic’s steerage passengers can be seen, caught in media res. The photo is an involuntary candid in monochrome: a scene in motion, comprised of blurred arms, side profiles, and ladies’ hats.

Titanic was anchored about two miles offshore, near the Roche’s Point Lighthouse.

As the America and the Ireland scurried to meet her, a 29-year-old mill weaver named Eugene Daly “played many native airs” on his pipes to the delight and wistfulness of his peers on board.

It is commonly reported that, along with mail and passengers, local vendors also boarded the Titanic during her stopover in Queenstown. Typical wares would have included local specialties, such as Irish lace. It was a go-to commodity made and sold to wealthy passengers on liners that called upon Queenstown.

After some time, whistles blew to alert the tenders and guests that Titanic was soon to depart.

The tenders Ireland and America would have been at her towering side, being loaded up once again with mailbags from Titanic, to be delivered on-shore. These sacks contained, of course, the precious last letters written by Titanic’s passengers and crew.

And when the tender ships pulled away from Titanic, they unwittingly did so with a stowaway. 

The aforementioned John Coffey was a 23-year-old stoker on Titanic. He had already been under the employ for the White Star Line, most recently serving on Titanic’s elder sister Olympic. 

But when his tenure on Olympic was done, John found himself deposited back on the docks in Southampton, England.

John had a registered address there in Southampton for when he was in between jobs, but his hometown was Queenstown, Ireland. And having quit the Olympic, he was left a fair distance from home, and with presumably little money to get back there.

The Olympic, having successfully arrived in Southampton, turned westward again toward New York City on 3 April 1912. It was her usual transatlantic run.

For whatever reason, John Coffey stayed behind. 

Work was scarce in Southampton in the ongoing turmoil of the coal strike, but it would become available shortly. The Titanic would get to town just one day later, on 4 April 1912, in preparation for her maiden voyage to New York. 

And she was scheduled to go ahead, regardless of the strike.

Once Titanic was settled in Southampton, John would have been well aware that she would seek crew for that voyage.

And he likewise would have known that, before Titanic would chase her sister’s shadow across the Atlantic, she would make two stops: one in Cherbourg, France, on 10 April, and the other—most conveniently for John Coffey—in Queenstown on the 11th.

And so, on 6 April, John Coffey signed onto Titanic as a fireman.

But he didn’t intend to stick around.

The Southampton Evening Echo reported the following from John’s fellow fireman John Podesta.

All the White Star boats and Cunard liners outward bound here to pick up mails and passengers by tender and it was custom for we firemen and trimmers to go up on deck and carry the mail from the tender to the mail room.

A fireman whom I knew very well, John Coffee [sic]… said to me, ‘Jack, I’m going down to this tender to see my mother.’

He asked me if anyone was looking and I said ‘No’ and bid him good luck. A few seconds later he was gone!

As reported in the Southampton Evening Echo. As cited in "The Irish Aboard Titanic" by Senan Maloney.

John successfully hid himself underneath or amid the many departing mailbags.

And from the docks, he made his way to his widowed mother’s home on Thomas Street. 

John Coffey disembarked both Titanic—and then the tender—undetected, and without apparent consequence. 

Because three days later, on 14 April, John Coffey successfully signed onto the crew of the Mauretania. And he did so without the necessary stamp in his professional Book of Continuous Discharge.

John was reportedly still present in Queenstown the next day, when the news broke that Titanic had foundered.

Immediately dubbed “The Lucky Stoker,” John’s abscondence was transformed from desertion into fateful escape. 

In the aftermath of the sinking, John’s near-miss with tragedy became a widespread and popular tale. In each retelling, however, his motive varied. 

The Cork Examiner reported that John Coffey “did not relish his job.”

Alternately, Jack Podesta had reported outright that John deserted Titanic that day in order to visit his mother. 

And then, of course, John himself reportedly gave interviews in which he stated he was compelled by unshakeable foreboding, or ill omen. 

As soon as two days after the sinking, on 17 April, it was reported that “one fireman, who felt that something was sure to happen, deserted at Queenstown.”

Regardless of the reason, John Coffey spared himself that day. 

And Titanic, steaming steadily away from her final port of call, would never be seen again.

John Coffey continued in his maritime service, although the full extent of his career movements are uncertain. 

In 1941, John Coffey reappeared in the press, having been saved from drowning in the treacherous winter waters of the River Hull the previous November. He had been rescued his friend and shipmate, James Bielby.

John Coffey reportedly died in 1957. 

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“He Was Not Likeable”: Alfred Nourney

"he Was Not Likeable": Alfred Nourney

Alfred Nourney was not a baron.

But he played one on the Titanic.

Alfred Nourney was from Cologne, Germany. He was 20 years old when he embarked on Titanic at Cherbourg, France, in the evening of April 10, 1912.

Research published in recent years has suggested that Alfred was banished by to the United States by his mother, after he had gotten a local woman pregnant. Alfred, on the other hand, insisted that he had been in Paris with his mother and had annoyed her into purchasing a ticket on his behalf.

Whichever might be true, Alfred intended to launch a career "demonstrating motorcars" once he arrived stateside.

Alfred boarded the Titanic as a Second-class passenger. He called himself Baron von Drachstedt.

But he quickly determined that Second-class accommodations simply could not do for such a baron as himself.

Alfred therefore sought out the Purser's office, and requested an upgrade to a First-class ticket for a nominal fee.

And it worked, possibly due to his insistence on his supposed aristocratic status.

Exactly why Alfred rebranded himself as a baron is unknown.

He may have been trying to evade the scandal that might have followed him due to his liaison. Or, perhaps he called himself a baron to accomplish exactly what he accomplished: better accommodations on the ship's illustrious maiden voyage.

Or maybe it was simply to appear more impressive to the elites he was so eager to meet.

If that latter-most was true, it was a failed attempt: Alfred was hardly popular amongst his "peers" in First-class.

And with justifiable reason. Although Alfred was by all accounts delighted by his surroundings and social opportunities.

"I'm so happy being first class!" he wrote to his mother. "I already know some nice people! A Diamondking! Mister Astor, one of the wealthiest Americans, is on board! Thousand Kisses Alfred"

And yet, Helen Churchill Candee wrote thusly of her first interaction with him.

At my table in the dining room were six persons. ‘ Good morning,’ I greeted them with an inclusive bow. Four of them looked shy and scarcely acknowledged my effort at traveler’s courtesy. Poor things, I didn’t mean to hurt them. One only arose and made me a standing bow. It was my turn to be shy and I did not like it. The man was evidently of the world, his tall figure wore English tweeds, yet I could swear be was born and bred on the Continent. He had a certain sleekness that lessened the value of his good looks. He managed to slip his card to me after part of our fellows had left the table. The card held a German name and gave him the title of Baron. He spoke to me in perfect English with none of the accents that so often offend the ear. But he was not likeable, thereafter I avoided him. 

While on board, Alfred entertained himself by sending out two Marconigrams, both on April 13th, and both at 12:20 p.m. The contents were similar, and hardly of substance.

On the evening of April 14th, Alfred had been playing bridge in the First-Class Smoking Lounge with Henry Blank and William Greenfield. They reportedly barely felt a shudder, but only saw the liquor sway in their glasses.

Alfred, supposedly by way of the captain's private staircase which he had discovered during a clandestine exploration of the vessel, eventually made his way to Lifeboat 7 on the starboard side. He boarded with neither difficulty nor resistance.

It was the first lifeboat to launch from Titanic.

Also in Lifeboat 7 were actress Dorothy Gibson, newlyweds Helen and Dickinson Bishop, and French aviator Pierre Marechal.

They did not much care for Alfred either.

And again, they were not without reason. Helen Bishop later described the distasteful and disruptive actions of "the baron" in an interview published less than a week later, on April 20, 1912.

For instance, there was a German baron aboard who smoked an obnoxious pipe incessantly and refused to pull an oar. The men were worn out with the work, and I rowed for considerable time myself. 

Helen Bishop was pregnant at the time.

When he was not smoking or dozing off in the lifeboat, Alfred occupied himself by emptying his pistol of all its cartridges, firing it up into the night. It no doubt compounded the tension in Lifeboat 7.

Alfred's choice to brandish his firearm appeared to have been rather intentional.

Helen Churchill Candee made reference to him once again, in her recollections of the rescue ship Carpathia.

Woolner and Bjornstrom came in, arm in arm, trailed by the German Baron.

Strongly insolent, Woolner said distinctly, ‘Well, Baron, How did you happen to get in the boat with the women?’ ‘I’d like to see anyone stop me,” said the vain and explicit baron, drawing out a pistol, with an ugly look.

But Alfred did not stop there.

In perhaps his most egregious action of all, Alfred endeavored to take a nap on board Carpathia.

He went to the Smoking Room, and lay down on top of a pile of blankets, monopolizing them for himself to be used as a bed. The blankets were intended for survivors as they were brought aboard, and Nourney refused to move when a woman asked for them.

The lady, disgusted, nearly spat out the words: 'To think of it: the like of you saved and women left to drown; shame on you.' She could scarcely restrain the urge to grab Nourney by the collar and toss him into the sea. She yanked away the top blanket underneath Nourney, causing him to roll on to the floor. People jeered him and, thoroughly shamed, he beat a hasty retreat from the room.

Excerpt from "Sea of Glass: The Life & Loss of the RMS Titanic," by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton, & Bill Wormstedt, Third Ed., Amberley Publishing, 2015.

This incident was reported upon by two separate and contemporary periodicals.

Another similar moment was reported upon almost a year later, in an interview with Titanic survivor Margaret Hays.

The details vary slightly between recountings. To date, it is unclear whether one story was embellished for the sake of the other--or if Alfred was plainly this callous twice in the span of mere days.

During the trip the crew of the Carpathia placed at the disposal of the extra passengers a large quantity of emigrant blankets… It was bitterly cold one night and there seemed to be an unusual dearth of blankets. My friend and I approached the count, whose name I never learned, and I asked him for some of the huge stack of blankets that he had appropriated.

"'You wouldn't have me give up my nice warm bed, would you?' pleaded the count. 'Yes, I would,' I answered. I couldn't get them until I called him a brute and demanded them. He then got up grumbling and under him were ten of the heavy blankets, while others were shivering about the deck. We took two of the blankets and as he settled down on the others I leaned over him and said. 'You were saved and women and children went down with the ship.' Some wanted to throw him overboard. 

Alfred also endeavored to send a telegram from Carpathia, but it was never processed owing to the enormous backlog befalling the operators. It read, "Titanic sunk! Saved on board Cunard Line Carpathia. Completely destitute, no clothes. Alfred"

Alfred's devastating loss was savaged by the press--especially so in a particular article published by The Tennessean on May 5, 1912.

One of the real sufferers by the Titanic disaster is Baron Alfred von Drachstedt, 20 years of age, who hails from the sweet-scented city of Cologne. Escaping with his life, Alfred is mourning with a grief that refuses to be assuaged the loss of his entire wardrobe, and is of two minds as to suing for the value thereof, because he doubts the ability of American tailors and haberdashers to replace in proper style the things made in Germany which may now be in the midst of some predatory shark or whale cavorting around the banks of Newfoundland. 

In order that the reader may fully appreciate the gloom which surrounds the youthful baron, wo append a list of the vanished glories with which he had equipped himself for an invasion of the United States. He puts their value at $2,320, but for ourselves we are fain to confess that this seems a beggarly price.  However, here is the tally sheet, and those who are more conversant with glad rags than ourselves can figure the thing out for themselves: Ten suits of clothes, two tuxedoes, four overcoats, twenty white shirts, and twenty colored ones, twenty negligee shirts, fifteen night shirts, forty collars, fourteen suits of underwear, forty, pairs of hose, sixteen pairs of assorted shoes, one hundred and twenty scarfs, fifty handkerchiefs, six pairs of knickerbockers, two hunting suits, an aviation coat, ten pairs of gloves, two top hats, nine other headpieces, eight tennis trousers and coats, ten silk tennis shirts, with rings, cigarette cases, watches, match boxes, scarfpins, diamond studs, a sweet gold bracelet and ever so much more.

Alfred Nourney continued to travel, and went on to race motorcars and fly aeroplanes. He reportedly returned to Germany after the conclusion of the First World War.

By 1933, he was a member of the Nazi party.

By 1950, he was working in car sales.

Alfred Nourney died in 1972.

 

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“I Did Not Think I Was Going to Live”: Thomas McCormack

"I Did Not Think I Was Going to Live": Thomas McCormack

Thomas McCormack was 19 years old when he boarded the Titanic at Queenstown on April 11, 1912.

Thomas had been a resident of Bayonne, New Jersey, since 1910. He had traveled home to Ireland some months before, on a visit to his relatives.

Thomas traveled with his cousins, brothers John and Phillip Kiernan. John was returning to his home in the United States, and had persuaded his younger brother Phillip to come along to the new world.

Unexpectedly along with Thomas and the Kiernan boys were the Murphy sisters, Kate and Margaret. The girls were running away from home, defying their aging and widowed mother.

None in the party were more than 25 years old.

Thomas, John, and Phillip boarded the train to Queenstown on the morning on April 11, 1912.

Once seated, they were met with many other steerage passengers bound from their home of Co. Longford. Amongst these newfound compatriots were three siblings: Barney, Agnes, and Alice McCoy.

According to secondhand memories of the McCoy family, the new friends conversed amiably and even sang throughout the ride down to Queenstown.

And once the party disembarked the train, they boarded the tender ship America.

The America was one of a pair of tenders (the other being her sister Ireland) tasked with ferrying Queenstown passengers from the dock over to the Titanic. The passage took approximately thirty minutes.

On board the America, piper Eugene Daly played Erin's Lament as the tender gained distance from the shore.

The Titanic turned toward the open sea at about 2:30 p.m.

Thomas most likely stuck with Co. Longford group as they sought out their cabins in the seemingly endless corridors deep below. A hearty dinner would follow.

As is the case for many steerage passengers on Titanic, there is scant official documentation of how Thomas McCormack spent time on board.

But thanks to the aforementioned recollections of descendants of the McCoys, some casual memories persist: most of their evenings were apparently whiled away in the general room, or otherwise in the Third-Class Smoking Room.

Thomas was presumably a part of these gatherings, as one of the McCoy sisters reportedly came down with a bit of a crush on young Tom, and was frequently in his company.

Meanwhile, Kate Murphy had brought her violin on board. She thusly played with other musicians in the Third-class party that occurred in the evening hours of April 14th, the night of the iceberg strike. 

Whether Thomas attended this party is not documented. But since Kate had played her violin that night and Katie Gilnagh, who had also befriended Thomas's group on the train, was also in attendance, it is reasonable to assume that Thomas may have at least made an appearance.

By the time the collision occurred at 11:40 p.m., Thomas was asleep. He was awoken with a start by John and Phillip. “I jumped out of bed and ran into the hall with my two cousins when we hit,” Thomas said. “Everyone was crazy and running, screaming.”

Barely dressed, Thomas bolted for the boat deck. In the bedlam below decks, he lost sight of his cousins.

It was brotherly love that cost 'Phil' his life. As he was hurrying toward the deck his brother John called to him to go on, that he would be there in a minute. As we reached the stairs Philip looked around, and not seeing his brother, started to return to look for him. I kept on and did not see either of them again.

Tom's sister Catherine later claimed that her brother had to fight his way past crewmembers to make it up to the boat deck. Tom himself said, "When I was running up to the deck in the confusion that night, I did not think I was going to live."

Once up top, Thomas found himself navigating through "many excited persons" who were "crying and yelling." Then Thomas ran into Barney McCoy, one of the Co. Longford group he had made friends with while on the train to Queenstown.

Tom and Barney "were not long in finding out that the ship was sure to sink." The boys proceeded to secure and fasten their lifebelts. Tom may have assisted in seeing Barney's two sisters off in a lifeboat.

The boys had realized that the Titanic "was settling badly."

So they jumped overboard.

"I panicked and ran to the rail. I never stopped to look how far from the water I was. I just jumped over," Tom recounted. "It felt like a mile down to the ocean, and it was freezing water. All I had was my lifejacket."

Thomas surfaced and swam for a nearby lifeboat.

But he was attacked.

In a contemporary article published by the Tasmanian periodical Examiner, "He got his hands on the gunwale of a lifeboat, but members of the crew struck him on the head and tore his hands loose."

His experience was also officially documented during the British Inquiry into the Titanic disaster.

The Commissioner:
Now what are the issues which have been mentioned as being issues between those two gentlemen and the crew?

Mr. J. P. Farrell, M. P:
They are of the very gravest kind. Thomas McCormack alleges that when swimming in the sea he endeavoured to board two boats and was struck on the head and the hands and shoved back into the sea, and endeavoured to be drowned.

After being driven away from the first lifeboat he had approached, Thomas somehow found his way to another, despite the injuries to his head and hands. He again clung to its sides and attempted to board.

And thanks to the Kate and Margaret Murphy, he succeeded.

After being beaten severely by sailors with oars I managed to get into one of the life and boats [sic]... [Kate and Margaret Murphy] sat on me and tried to cover me up.

After a while one of the sailors saw my legs protruding, and seizing them asked me ' what in _____' I was doing in the boat. He dragged me out and tried to throw me into the water. I grabbed him by the throat and said if I went overboard I would take him with me. When he saw that he could not thro [sic] me over he finally desisted and I was allowed to remain.

Upon the arrival of the rescue ship Carpathia in New York City, Thomas McCormack disembarked to be picked up by his brother-in-law, Bernard Evers, who had traveled there to bring Thomas home.

But amidst the confusion on the dock, in the dark cold and under the rain, the men missed each other entirely.

Bernard hunted all night and the following morning for Thomas. As fear mounted that perhaps Thomas's survival had been falsely reported, Bernard learned that Thomas had been transferred to Ellis Island so "his credentials could be inspected," since no one had claimed him.

Thomas McCormack was hospitalized for the bruises and lacerations to his head and hands that he had suffered in the lifeboat.

He thereafter returned to Bayonne, New Jersey.

The sinking of the Titanic haunted Thomas throughout his life.

The Easter season is never a completely happy time for Tom McCormack of Elizabeth, N.J. It always brings memories of his escape from the sinking Titanic...

The sinking of the Titanic has always had some effect on his life. Afterward he was afraid of sailing, and the only ship he ever boarded was the troopship that carried him to the shores of France to fight in World War I. McCormack had nightmares for years, and almost all of his conversations somehow get around to the Titanic.

Thomas naturalized as an American citizen in 1916. He became the owner of a pub, worked as a security guard, and married twice.

Interviewed in 1974 for the anniversary of the sinking, Thomas said, "I owe my life to God's kindness, nothing else."

He died the next year, at the age of 83.

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